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Fruits & Votes is the Web-log of Matthew S. Shugart ("MSS"), Professor of Political Science, University of California, Davis.

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  • 18 July 2007

    Planted by MSS
    Planted in: Party lists; Turkey; VOTES

    With parliamentary elections coming up on 22 July, the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) is making a point of nominating women to its party lists throughout the country’s many regional districts. Eurasia Net tells the tale of Ibrahim Ozyavuz, AKP mayor of Sanliurfa in the southeast (and reputed to be the birthplace of Avraham avinu):

    Using his influence, Ozyavuz made sure that a woman’s name was added to the list of local AKP candidates, the first time a major political party had ever done so in the Sanliurfa region of southeastern Turkey, which, in social terms, is an extremely conservative place. Ozyavuz, the mayor of a small town outside the city of Sanliurfa, was intimately familiar with the groundbreaking candidate’s qualifications. After all, the parliamentary hopeful, a geophysicist named Cagla Ozyavuz, happened to be his wife.

    Not that this was anything unusual. In many parts of southeast Turkey, where hidebound traditions and blood ties rule and feudal clans dominate public life, politics can be a family affair. When election time comes around, political parties have long known that having a leader of a clan – known as “asiret” in Turkish – as a candidate can guarantee victory at the ballot box.

    The story notes that the deputy mayor disagrees that clans remain powerful in Turkish politics.

    But some locals dispute the contention that asirets have lost much influence. They point to the AKP’s candidate list to support their argument. Zura, the tailor, singled out Zulfukar Izol, leader of a large and powerful clan and a current AKP parliamentarian running for reelection. “He’s uneducated. He’s not solving any of Sanliurfa’s problems. But he’s second on the candidate list,” the tailor alleged during a tea break. “Why? Because the party leaders know he can deliver votes.”

    Kemal Kapakli, editor-in-chief of Guneydogu, Sanliurfa’s oldest daily newspaper, says the asirets still represent a kind of easy, one-stop shopping electoral opportunity for Turkey’s political parties. “The asirets are leaders in local politics. They are extremely strong. When party leaders are choosing candidates here, they are taking into consideration how many voters from their clan are standing behind them,” said Kapakli, who also serves as a kind of local historian. “It’s like a popular brand name.”

    Yes, the “brand name” that parties compete under need not be the brand name of the party itself, even when the electoral system is closed-list “PR,” and voters hence are not actually casting candidate votes. (“PR,” in quotation marks, because of the very high threshold.)

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    Recent comments.

  • Do UK elections now allow fusion candidacies? (12)
    • Tom Round: Chris @9: “but in not having an UKIP opponent to siphon votes from the right.” Good point. However, given voluntary voting...
    • MSS: UKIP did admit during the recent local election campaign that it did not fully vet its candidates, due to (it was claimed) resource...
    • Chris: UKIP’s candidates for Parliament and MEP do indeed seem to need National Executive Committee Approval before being placed on the...
    • Chris: I think the key thing in being a Conservative-UK IP candidate might not be in having both of their emblems, but in not having an UKIP...
    • MSS: Here is the text (see Jaffr’s link): After paragraph (2A) insert— “(2AA)If a candidate who is the subject of an authorisation by...
    • MSS: Let me call attention here to Jaffr. at comment #1, who notes the amendment to the ballot law was passed earlier in 2013. (This comment was...
    • Tom Round: > “would officially be Conservative-Li beral on the ballot” The UK only adopted ballot labels in the early 1970s, and...
  • Is MMP in Ireland’s future? (7)
    • Wilf Day: Ireland’s Constitutional Convention is a very interesting model of an electoral reform process. It includes 66 randomly selected...
    • MSS: Yes, electoral-syste m change would require a constitutional amendment, which is why it is a topic of the Constitutional Convention. The...
    • Alan: I expect the sixth and last senate place to be decided by very small margins in a number of states. Voting below the line will have more than...
    • Tom Round: Sorry, I should clarify: A legal change to an explicit party list system would indeed require a referendum to amend the Constituti...
    • JD: Tom: I think the Irish probably DO like getting a choice among different candidates of the same party. Whether their leaders like offering that...
  • Distortions of the US House: It’s not how the districts are drawn, but that there are (single-seat) districts (30)
    • Ed: This is another article where the writer attempted to draw non-partisan districts, using a set of criteria an independent commission could...
  • Does STV have anything to do with absence of “free votes” in Ireland? (16)
    • MSS: I was sort of hoping this thread would be about free votes and STV’s possible role in them, but whatever… Uruguay has primary...
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